Target costing is defined as a disciplined process for determining and achieving a fullstream cost at which a proposed product with specified functionality, performance, and quality must be produced in order to generate the desired profitability at the products anticipated selling price over a specified period of time in the future. Therefore, the manufacturing companies are very eager to withstand in the business world by encountering the tough market conditions. However, the findings also showed that there is a strong positive relationship between adoption of target costing and of improvement in return on investment and reduction of cost. Objective of the study the general objective of the study is to ascertain the impact of target costing on competitive advantage in nigeria manufacturing firms. Target costing also is a driver for cost improvement as a way to integrate the use of other tools, for instance jit. The paper makes three specific contributions to the literature. It helps the firm in managing the business in reaping profits in the extremely competitive market. With the emergence of the lean enterprise and global competition, companies face everincreasing competition. Target costing was applied to all product development efforts in the company including the neon, a new small car developed for the lower price range. The purpose of target costing is to identify the production cost for a proposed product such that the product, when sold, generates the desired profit margin. Ta r get costing can best be described as a systematic process of cost management and profit planning. Set prices too low, and your business may be forced to shutter its windows and close its doors.
Unlike traditional cost based pricing methods, it begins with the price that the customer is willing to pay. Target costing become an analysis which highlights other problems that can reveal more general managerial problems. On the other hand target costing is a method philosophy that takes financial, manufacturing and customer aspects into consideration during designing phase and helps firms in making product design decisions to increase the profit value of the company. The resulting target costs are often well below the cur. There is a ever changing of market conditions for any product. Ta rget costing in the nhs reforming the nhs from within cima nhs working group cima discussion paper october 2005.
Lastly, target costing may help companies to encourage a focus on the customers. Target costing and lifecycle costing can be regarded as relatively modern advances in management accounting, so it is worth first looking at the approach taken by conventional costing. A target cost is the maximum amount of cost that can be incurred on a product, however, the firm can still. Target costing is a formal system that attempts to achieve a target cost. The previous section focuses on using differential analysis to assess pricing for special orders. A comparative study of target costing methods and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of degree of masters of applied science industrial engineering complies with the regulations of the university and meets the accepted standards with respect to. Target costing and performance of manufacturing industry in. By applying a strategy of target costing, the team aims to reduce the cost of the product before the company starts losing money.
So, target costing reunites a global concept of cost planning and management, used especially in the products designing stage with the aim to influence the structure of the costs, respecting the requirements of the market. Target costing method works backward from the traditional cost plus method of costing. Target costing 1 target costing target costing is the process of determining the maximum allowable costt for f a new product d t and d then th developing d l i a prototype t t that th t can be b made for that maximum target cost figure. Target cost tool for planning, managing and controlling costs 115 reference elements of the emergence of modern costing methods in order to increase the performance, from an economic perspective, the organizations seek to use modern methods of organization and strategic analyses to create a competitive advantage compared to other competing. Mazahrih accounting department faculty of administrative and financial sciences philadelphia university amman, jordan abstract this research deals with target cost method as one of. The company considers the projected price for each unit and its desired profit on the item. The paper describes the case study of the introduction of target costing for purchased components within the supply chain of a division of a multinational, nonjapanese automotive assembler faced with considerable cost pressures. Develop profitable new products with target costing. Target costing involves a reverse analysis of the product, starting with the selling price.
Pdf target costing is a technique that predetermines an ideal product cost to maximize profits across that products life cycle. To identify if and how target costing is used in sweden. In tandem with global diffusion of tc implementation, some of nonjapanese countries e. Both companies have applied three phases to their product. Organizations also use other approaches to establish prices, such as costplus pricing and target costing. In the automobile industry, the target cost for a new model is decomposed into target costs for each of the elements of the cardown to a target cost for each of the individual parts. Successful use of target costing running head activity based. The company subtracts the desired profit from the selling price to determine the target cost per unit. Ta rget costing in the nhs 04 achieving target costs once the gap has been identified between the target cost and the cost estimate,it is necessary to identify ways to close the ga p. Born out of the marketdriven philosophy, target costing is based on the pricedown, costdown strategy, which has allowed companies to win considerable share of their respective markets.
In the appendix there is a very useful collection of tools used in the target costing. Then a certain amount of desired profit is subtracted from the prices. Ta rget costing in the nhs reforming the nhs from within cima. Target costing is a strategic weapon that is being increasingly adopted by a number of leading firms across the world. What first captured the attention of managers is the competitive advantage that target costing has given to the japanese auto companiesthe longest and most consistent users of target costing. Target costing can be viewed as a proactive cost management tool used to reduce the total cost of the product, over its complete lifecycle, through production, engineering, research and design. Successful use of target costing running head activity. Target costing, although its concept is used throughout the product life cycle, is primarily used and most effective in the product development and design stage.
Target costing as a strategic tool mit sloan management. This study examines the process of target costing with the principle determinants of target costing and the way target costing can be implemented in an organization. Although many manufacturers in japan use target costing, the system used at toyota motor corporation is the oldest and considered by many the most technically advanced. Target costing is a process which starts from the price that the consumer is willing to pay. What first captured the attention of managers is the competitive advantage that target costing has given to the japanese auto companiesthe longest and most consistent users of. Definition and scope of target costing as explained in the book. Target costing is a process which starts from the price that the consumer is.
The impact of target cost method to strengthen the. Focusses on the use of target costing for new product development. Target costing uses price information in the market to determine product cost zeng and ada, 2010. Target costs are calculated using a formula similar to the following. Two companies that have used target costing are nike and asics. Typically, conventional costing attempts to work out the cost of producing an item incorporating the costs of resources that are currently used or consumed. It also considers not only the preferred current selling price but also the later life cycle pattern of prices. Introducing new products to existing value stream design to achieve maximum contribution from the value stream.
The focus of target costing is to reduce the cost of a product through changes in its design. International journal of business and social science vol. Under this scheme, a firms product is priced based on the levels that give it the best competitive advantage. Therefore, the manufacturing companies are very eager to withstand in the business world by. Target costing is an approach to determine a products lifecycle cost which should be sufficient to develop specified functionality and quality, while ensuring its desired profit. Target costing has a history of more than 40 years in the japanese industry. The steps of implementing target costing by mahmud. This approach concentrates on determining costs for a product during the planning and design stage. Target costing nissan target cost system is ideal for assemblyoriented industries with great involvement in the diversification of product lines, usage of technologies of factory automation, development of systems for reducing cost during all the stages of products life cycle such as is.
To survive, companies must become experts at developing products that deliver the quality and functionality that customers demand, while generating the desired profits. Target costing process approach, technique formula. Ippd 22400 target costing target costing 22400 ippd 22400 target costing reason for this lecture understanding costprice issues in your product is critical to the overall success how to do target costing for a redesign. It helps the firm in managing the business in reaping profits in. One of the benefits of target costing falls on the side of proactively focusing on the price. Target costing is just not costing system or cost management technique but this is a complete business management philosophy that is purely market oriented. Setting inappropriate prices may not be the primary reason that companies are forced to close up shop, but its as good a reason as any. Target costing implementation and organizational capabilities. This price is set based on what the customer is willing to pay. Costing techniques and pricing decisions of manufacturing. Aug 17, 2009 target costing has a history of more than 40 years in the japanese industry. A historical perspective patrick feil, keunhyo yook, ilwoon kim patrick feil is a member of the executive board of in germany in charge of financecontrolling and marketingcommunications.
The target costing method works backward from traditional costplus methods and begins with a targeted sales price for a product. Target costing target costing is an important tool for sustaining manufacturers overall efforts to remain cost competitive while meeting standards and specifications demanded by customers ellarm, 2000. The fundamental objective of target costing is to enable management to use proactive cost planning, cost management and cost reduction practices whereby, costs are planned and managed out of a product and business, early in the design and development cycle, rather to an during the later stages of product development and production. Target costing is getting importance during the period of difficult market conditions. In 1959, toyota developed the preliminary target costing approach. Thailand, china, india, singapore and malaysia have increased their attention towards this approach to maintain their competitiveness. A price and profit target was set for the car and it was then designed to meet that profit without sacrificing major customer requirements.
Target costing is the practice by which companies set a cost for a product and stick to it. Market prices are used to determine allowableor targetcosts. The target costing process is a system of profit planning and cost management that is price led, customer focused, design centred, and crossfunctional. In business target costing approachan iterative process. In this lesson, well see how it is more common for companies to do this than you might think. Impact of target costing on competitive advantage in the. May 09, 2017 target costing is a formal system that attempts to achieve a target cost. Furthermore, target costing is a management initiative that provides design engineers with a. It involves setting a target cost by subtracting a desired profit margin from a competitive market price. The impact of target cost method to strengthen the competitiveness of industrial companies dr. The steps of implementing target costing by mahmud hematfar.
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